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Phanerozoic-Clast Breccia: Breccia clasts in a shale matrix that was originally stripped from the land surface, mixed with ejecta in a ground surge and quickly transported back into the crater by seawater. Found above all crater regions.

Ejecta: An overturned sequence of clastic sedimentary rocks thrown from the crater during formation. Found only on the terrace terrane.

Keweenawan Shale Clast Breccia: Broken and partially melted billion-year-old black shale and melt-rock grains. Found only on the central peak.

Crystalline-Clast Breccia with a Melt-Rock Matrix: Similar to crystalline-clast breccia with a sandy matrix, except the sandy matrix has been melted and is dominated by powdered crystalline rocks and impact melt-rocks. Found only on the central peak.

Crystalline-Clast Breccia with a Sandy Matrix: Smaller blocks of granite and gneiss in a matrix of silt to sand-size rock fragments. Found only on the central peak.

Proterozoic Basement Blocks: Large blocks of granite and gneiss which form the core of the central peak and extend below much of the crater floor. Found only on the central peak.

Breccia sample

Pictures courtesy of Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bureau.

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