Epiphytes

Epiphytes (Greek for "on a plant") are plants that grow on the limbs of other plants, and their roots are not anchored into the soil. Most epiphytes evolved in and are still typically found in lush tropical jungles where unoccupied soil is hard to find. In fact, most plants lose the competition and die out. In order to survive, these plants have evolved to grow without soil, yet they are not parasitic. Epiphytes obtain their nourishment from the air and water, as well as from decayed leaves and plant matter.

Surviving temperatures ranging from 35 to 120 degrees Fahrenheit, epiphytes are unusually hardy plants. They do not need direct sunlight and are able to endure extended periods of drought. They will grow in or on any surface, such as driftwood, seashells, teacups or empty vases. Some people even hang them on fishing line. Epiphytes make an ideal gift for those who love plants as well as those who can't seem to grow anything.

Epiphytes, like all organisms, need energy and essential nutrients to survive. The photosynthesis process provides food and nourishment for plants. Most plants, epiphytes included, obtain their energy from sunlight. The roots absorb essential nutrients, such as water and carbon dioxide from the air to build sugar molecules, which are the primary source of food. The roots also absorb chemical nutrients used to construct additional molecules that make up their bodies. For instance, magnesium is an important component of chlorophyll, nitrogen is key in protein molecules and phosphorus helps form DNA. Mychorrizal fungi growing within the roots of many orchid species facilitate nutrient uptake, supplementing the process of photosynthesis.